Obstacle Sensor - How it works
This board utilizes TCRT5000 infrared reflective sensor by Vishay to detect the presence of objects or colors. To make it easier to use, this board employs a preprogrammed ATTiny404 IC for binary output and I2C communication.
Datasheet
For an in-depth look at technical specifications, refer to the official TCRT5000 Datasheet:
TCRT5000 Datasheet
Detailed technical documentation for the TCRT5000 infrared sensor
How the sensor works
The sensor itself works by transmitting infrared light from the LED and registering any reflected light on its photoresistor. This alters the flow of current between its emitter and collector according to the level of light it receives.
I2C communication - Qwiic
This board uses an onboard ATTiny404 MCU to implement I2C communication. The board operates on a default I2C address of 0x30, but it can be changed using onboard switches. To change the board's address, check the Address selection. When detected, ATTiny404 receives data from the sensor and passes it to the main MCU using the I2C data line. To check in detail how the ATTiny404 is preprogrammed, check the firmware GitHub page.